Fly Lah!

Threat and error management (TEM) is an overarching safety concept regarding aviation operations and human performance. TEM is not a revolutionary concept, but it evolved gradually, as a consequence of the constant drive to improve the margins of safety in aviation operations through the practical integration of Human Factors knowledge.

TEM developed as a product of the collective industry experience. Such experience fostered the recognition that past studies and, most importantly, operational consideration of human performance in aviation had largely overlooked the most important factor influencing human performance in dynamic work environments: the interaction between people and the operational context (i.e., organizational, regulatory and environmental factors) within which people discharge their operational duties.

The recognition of the influence of the operational context in human performance further led to the conclusion that study and consideration of human performance in aviation operations must not be an end in itself. In regard to the improvement of margins of safety in avaition operations, the study and consideration of human performance without context address only part of a larger issue. TEM therefore aims to provide a principled approach to the broad examination of the dynamic and challenging complexities of the operational context in human performance, for it is the influence of these complexities that generates consequences directly affecting safety.

As per ICAO annex 1, last edition, TEM must be introduced in the License Training for all pilot and engineer licenses.
TBM FA has already integrated this feature in its syllabus and will implement also in Maintenance....
The TEM is the "big" idea which, initially, has sustained the MPL (multi Crew pilot licence). Then ICAO has decided to enlarge the concept to all licences.
TEM can be seen as an superstructure to CRM courses. The TBMFA core team has been involved in discussion on the MPL with a major Airline. This project has been finalised and is currently on the table of a Civil Aviation Authority. So TBM FA team has already worked seriously on the TEM concept and has looked on the practical way to introduce this in the training. Finally this is in direct line with the Civil Aviation Culture, and as former Civil Aviation professionals we are well impregnated by the permanent search for minimising the risks, ....HPL, CRM and now TEM: It has been our environment during so many years!!!
Terengganu01